Microprocessor (MPU)
includes ALU, register arrays, and control circuit on a single chip.
Microcontroller
includes microprocessor, memory, and I/O signal on a single chip.
Microcomputer
a computer that is designed using microprocessor as its CPU
.
Machine Language binary medium
Assembly Language programs written in mnemonics
Low-level Language
Machine and Assembly Language
High-level Language
programs written in English-like words, independent of a given computer.
Compiler translates HLL into ML
Interpreter translates HLL into ML
translates one statement at a time.
Assembler translates AL program into binary machine code
Manual Assembly a procedure of looking up the machine codes manually from the instruction set and entering those into the computer through a keyboard.
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
7 bit alphanumeric code with 128 combinations.
each combination assigned to either a letter, decimal digit, a symbol, or a command.
Extended ASCII 8 bit alphanumeric code with 256 combinations.
INSTRUCTIONS
Instruction ?
a binary pattern designed to perform a function inside a microprocessor.
Instruction set?
the entire group of Instructions.
determines what all function a Mpr can perform.
Addressing modes is the various ways of specifying data.
Opcode Format
In 8085, all operations, registers and status flags are identified with a specific code.
CODE Registers CODE Registers Pairs
00 0B 00 BC
00 1C 01 DE
01 0D 10 HL
01 1E 11 AF or SP
10 0H
10 1L
11 1A
110 Reserved for mem related opns.
Instructions - 5 functional categories:
Data transfer operations
Arithmetic operations
Logical operations
Branching operations and
Machine –control operations
1. Data Transfer Instructions
Mnemonics Examples Operation
MVI R, 8-bit data MVI B, 4FH Load 8 bit data in a register
MOV Rd, Rs MOV B, A Copy data from source register Rs into Rd
2. Arithmetic Instructions
The frequently used arithmetic operations are :
Add
Subtract
Increment (Add 1)
Decrement (Subtract 1)
3. Logic and Bit Manipulation Instructions
These instructions include the following operations:
AND
OR
X-OR (Exclusive OR)
Compare
Rotate Bits
4. Branch Instructions
The following instructions change the program sequence.
Mnemonics Examples Operation
JMP 16-bit address JMP 2050H Change the program sequence to the specified 16-bit addr.
JZ 16-bit address JZ 2080H Change the program sequence to the specified 16bit
address if the Zero flag is set
5. Machine Control Instructions
These instructions affect the operation of the processor
Mnemonics Examples Operation
HLT HLT Stop processing and wait
NOP NOP Do not perform any opn
includes ALU, register arrays, and control circuit on a single chip.
Microcontroller
includes microprocessor, memory, and I/O signal on a single chip.
Microcomputer
a computer that is designed using microprocessor as its CPU
.
Machine Language binary medium
Assembly Language programs written in mnemonics
Low-level Language
Machine and Assembly Language
High-level Language
programs written in English-like words, independent of a given computer.
Compiler translates HLL into ML
Interpreter translates HLL into ML
translates one statement at a time.
Assembler translates AL program into binary machine code
Manual Assembly a procedure of looking up the machine codes manually from the instruction set and entering those into the computer through a keyboard.
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
7 bit alphanumeric code with 128 combinations.
each combination assigned to either a letter, decimal digit, a symbol, or a command.
Extended ASCII 8 bit alphanumeric code with 256 combinations.
INSTRUCTIONS
Instruction ?
a binary pattern designed to perform a function inside a microprocessor.
Instruction set?
the entire group of Instructions.
determines what all function a Mpr can perform.
Addressing modes is the various ways of specifying data.
Opcode Format
In 8085, all operations, registers and status flags are identified with a specific code.
CODE Registers CODE Registers Pairs
00 0B 00 BC
00 1C 01 DE
01 0D 10 HL
01 1E 11 AF or SP
10 0H
10 1L
11 1A
110 Reserved for mem related opns.
Instructions - 5 functional categories:
Data transfer operations
Arithmetic operations
Logical operations
Branching operations and
Machine –control operations
1. Data Transfer Instructions
Mnemonics Examples Operation
MVI R, 8-bit data MVI B, 4FH Load 8 bit data in a register
MOV Rd, Rs MOV B, A Copy data from source register Rs into Rd
2. Arithmetic Instructions
The frequently used arithmetic operations are :
Add
Subtract
Increment (Add 1)
Decrement (Subtract 1)
3. Logic and Bit Manipulation Instructions
These instructions include the following operations:
AND
OR
X-OR (Exclusive OR)
Compare
Rotate Bits
4. Branch Instructions
The following instructions change the program sequence.
Mnemonics Examples Operation
JMP 16-bit address JMP 2050H Change the program sequence to the specified 16-bit addr.
JZ 16-bit address JZ 2080H Change the program sequence to the specified 16bit
address if the Zero flag is set
5. Machine Control Instructions
These instructions affect the operation of the processor
Mnemonics Examples Operation
HLT HLT Stop processing and wait
NOP NOP Do not perform any opn
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